Tendinitis is routinely diagnosed through a clinical examination. Erythrocytes, red blood cells, transport oxygen and some carbon dioxide. These fibers hold connective tissues together, even during the movement of the body. Elastic fibers contain the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins. This tissue gives rigid support as well as elasticity. The proteoglycan attracts and traps available moisture forming the clear, viscous, colorless matrix you now know as ground substance. Transcribed Image Text: adipose collagen, reticular, elastic that convey (s) tissue fluid and strengthen (s) organs is/are that store (s) fat and protect (s) organs is/are that attach (es) muscles and bones is/are dense connective tissue collagen and a few elastic Pearson connective tissue areolar matrix includes ground substance and the delicate network of interwoven fibers. The matrix usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue cells that are embedded within it. In dense irregular connective tissue, the direction of fibers is random. Lymph drains into blood vessels, delivering molecules to the blood that could not otherwise directly enter the bloodstream. Viscosity's resistance to flow is a combination of the size of the . A few distinct cell types and densely packed fibers in a matrix characterize these tissues. Dense regular elastic tissue contains elastic fibers in addition to collagen fibers. Persons whose jobs and hobbies involve performing the same movements over and over again are often at the greatest risk of tendinitis. Leukocytes, white blood cells, are responsible for defending against potentially harmful microorganisms or molecules. Fibroblasts produce this fibrous tissue. There are two basic types of adipocytes: white and brown. capillary action: If the adhesive forces are _____ than the cohesive forces, the attraction to the surface draws the liquid up the tube and the cohesive forces pull along those molecules not in direct contact with the tube walls Cartilage and bone are supportive tissue. Elastic fibers are prominent in elastic tissues found in skin and the elastic ligaments of the vertebral column. Their effectiveness at storing large amounts of fat is witnessed in obese individuals. The mast cell, found in connective tissue proper, has many cytoplasmic granules. That dull ache in the wrist that you ignored through the summer is now an unbearable pain. These granules contain the chemical signals histamine and heparin. In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. Examples of typical dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues consisting primarily of collagen fibers are shown in (Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)). Ligaments and tendons are made of dense regular connective tissue, but in ligaments not all fibers are parallel. Platelets are cell fragments involved in blood clotting. (b) Fibrocartilage provides some compressibility and can absorb pressure. Most often, the condition results from repetitive motions over time that strain the tendons needed to perform the tasks. It can appear yellow and owes its color to carotene and related pigments from plant food. Dense connective tissue is reinforced by bundles of fibers that provide tensile strength, elasticity, and protection. conveys tissue fluid and strengthens organs Areolar tissue is a reservoir for water, salts and fibroblasts What does adipose tissue contain? In loose connective tissue, the fibers are loosely organized, leaving large spaces in between. Cartilage contains chondrocytes and is somewhat flexible. Tendinitis is the inflammation of a tendon, the thick band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone. Lastly, found in between the deep fascia and the serous membranes, is the subserous fascia. Under, or deep to, the superficial fascia is the deep fascia. Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. The matrix contains very few blood vessels. 1.361026. Bone is the hardest connective tissue. Composed mainly of dense connective tissues, it serves as a tough, internal framework that surrounds muscles, bones, and nerves. Q. Location: beneath skin, surrounds organs. When irritated or damaged, mast cells release histamine, an inflammatory mediator, which causes vasodilation and increased blood flow at a site of injury or infection, along with itching, swelling, and redness you recognize as an allergic response. Keratin is a protein that helps strengthen the cells against abrasion. Young athletes, dancers, and computer operators; anyone who performs the same movements constantly is at risk for tendinitis. As you might expect, a fibrocyte, a less active form of fibroblast, is the second most common cell type in connective tissue proper. These serve to hold organs and other tissues in place and, in the case of adipose tissue, isolate and store energy reserves. The number and type of adipocytes depends on the tissue and location, and vary among individuals in the population. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. For the passionate athlete, it may be time to take some lessons to improve technique. Surgical repair of a tendon is painful. This is probably ________. Cancellous bone looks like a sponge under the microscope and contains empty spaces between trabeculae, or arches of bone proper. The matrix is the most abundant . The main property of elastin is that after being stretched or compressed, it will return to its original shape. Brown adipose tissue is more common in infants, hence the term baby fat. In adults, there is a reduced amount of brown fat and it is found mainly in the neck and clavicular regions of the body. Adipose tissue consists mostly of fat storage cells, with little extracellular matrix ([link]). Protein fibers fall into three major groups: collagen fibers that are thick, strong, flexible, and resist stretch; reticular fibers that are thin and form a supportive mesh; and elastin fibers that are thin and elastic. White fat contributes mostly to lipid storage and can serve as insulation from cold temperatures and mechanical injuries. Reticular fiber is also formed from the same protein subunits as collagen fibers; however, these fibers remain narrow and are arrayed in a branching network. The major component of the matrix is a ground substance often crisscrossed by protein fibers. The distinctive appearance of cartilage is due to polysaccharides called chondroitin sulfates, which bind with ground substance proteins to form proteoglycans. . The roots ped and pod mean "foot." The root phob means "fear." The root port means "to carry" or "bring." Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. with stands great tensile strength in one direction ( tendons, ligaments) dense . Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, transport the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. In this way, specialized lymphatic capillaries transport absorbed fats away from the intestine and deliver these molecules to the blood. (c) Elastic cartilage provides firm but elastic support. Elastic cartilage can stretch and recoil to its original shape because of its high content of elastic fibers. energy- rich fat cells - richly vascularized (provide blood vessels, high metabolic activity) What is the function of adipose tissue? Polysaccharides and proteins secreted by fibroblasts combine with extra-cellular fluids to produce a viscous ground substance that, with embedded fibrous proteins, forms the extra-cellular matrix. Unlike cartilage, bone tissue can recover from injuries in a relatively short time. Macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and phagocytic cells are found in connective tissue proper but are actually part of the immune system protecting the body. The histology of transverse tissue from long bone shows a typical arrangement of osteocytes in concentric circles around a central canal. In dense irregular connective tissue, the direction of fibers is random. Connective tissue that attaches muscles and bones. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. Fibrocytes, adipocytes, and mesenchymal cells are fixed cells, which means they remain within the connective tissue. Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. Connective tissues come in a vast variety of forms, yet they typically have in common three characteristic components: cells, large amounts of amorphous ground substance, and protein fibers. They originate in the mesodermal germ layer and differentiate from mesenchyme and hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written The superficial fascia is found just deep to the cutaneous membrane (or skin) and is typically composed of a combination of areolar and adipose connective tissues. Collagen, Reticular, Elastic. This is due to what is behind each of the properties. She recommends icing the tender area, taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication to ease the pain and to reduce swelling, and complete rest for a few weeks. which kind of tissue provides support and insulation, has highly branched cells, and is capable of transmitting electricity? For the passionate athlete, it may be time to take some lessons to improve technique. Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. The condition causes pain and tenderness in the area around a joint. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. Table \(\PageIndex{1}\): Connective Tissue Examples. She issues a stern warning about the risk of aggravating the condition and the possibility of surgery. Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are responsible for the defense of the organism against potentially harmful microorganisms or molecules. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? DESCRIPTION: single layer of flattened cells FUNCTION: allows materials to pass by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important secretes lubrication substances in serosae LOCATION: Kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, line of ventral body cavity Dense regular elastic tissue contains elastin fibers in addition to collagen fibers, which allows the ligament to return to its original length after stretching. LM 400. The most abundant cell in connective tissue proper is the fibroblast. This tissue gives rigid support as well as elasticity. The game is over for now. Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than does loose connective tissue. If the cobalt was initially at rest, use the conservation of momentum equation to determine its speed following the gamma ray emission. Connective tissue is made of which three essential components? In some tissues, fibers crisscross and form a mesh. Surface Tension, the resistance of the surface to external forces is a result of the attraction of the molecules and the level of hydrogen bonding. Fibrocartilage is tough because it has thick bundles of collagen fibers dispersed through its matrix. These combine to form a proteoglycan with a protein core and polysaccharide branches. Bone is a highly vascularized tissue. These granules contain the chemical signals histamine and heparin. They originate in the mesodermal germ layer and differentiate from mesenchyme and hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. Young athletes, dancers, and computer operators; anyone who performs the same movements constantly is at risk for tendinitis. consent of Rice University. why is blood classified as connective tissue? Adipose cells store surplus energy in the form of fat and contribute to the thermal insulation of the body. Three main types of fibers are secreted by fibroblasts: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers. When stimulated, macrophages release cytokines, small proteins that act as chemical messengers. Visit this interactive microscope slide link to test your connective tissue knowledge with this 10-question quiz. Reticular tissue is a mesh-like, supportive framework for soft organs such as lymphatic tissue, the spleen, and the liver ([link]). Bone is a highly vascularized tissue. Q. Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. Like blood cells, mast cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells and are part of the immune system. Access for free athttps://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology. Nutrients, salts, and wastes are dissolved in the liquid matrix and transported through the body. This book uses the Tug gently at your ear lobes, and notice that the lobes return to their initial shape. Unlike cartilage, bone tissue can recover from injuries in a relatively short time. With proper rest and managed care, you will be back on the court to hit that slice-spin serve over the net. The chemical nature and physical layout of the extracellular matrix and proteins vary enormously among tissues, reflecting the variety of functions that connective tissue fulfills in the body. connective tissue proper loose connective tissue, adipose. The brown adipocytes store lipids as many droplets, and have high metabolic activity. The many mitochondria in the cytoplasm of brown adipose tissue help explain its efficiency at metabolizing stored fat. The macrophage cell is a large cell derived from a monocyte, a type of blood cell, which enters the connective tissue matrix from the blood vessels. This is not where connective tissue roles end. . It derives its name from the Latin reticulus, which means little net.. Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. Protein fibers fall into three major groups: collagen fibers that are thick, strong, flexible, and resist stretch; reticular fibers that are thin and form a supportive mesh; and elastin fibers that are thin and elastic. Connective tissue proper includes loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. Compact bone is solid and has greater structural strength. connective tissue that stores fat and protects organs is _____ adipose. Blood is a fluid connective tissue, a variety of specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins in a liquid extracellular matrix. Two major forms of supportive connective tissue, cartilage and bone, allow the body to maintain its posture and protect internal organs. By the end of the section, you will be able to: As may be obvious from its name, one of the major functions of connective tissue is to connect tissues and organs. Osteocytes, bone cells like chondrocytes, are located within lacunae. Connective Tissue: Tendinitis While older adults are at risk for tendinitis because the elasticity of tendon tissue decreases with age, active people of all ages can develop tendinitis. Lymphatic capillaries are extremely permeable, allowing larger molecules and excess fluid from interstitial spaces to enter the lymphatic vessels. One of the main functions of connective tissue is to integrate organs and organ systems in the body. Fluid tissue, for example blood and lymph, is characterized by a liquid matrix and no supporting fibers. Adipocytes are cells that store lipids as droplets that fill most of the cytoplasm. It stores fat for energy and provides insulation. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers and contains large amounts of proteoglycans. Surrounds capillaries. Loose connective tissue proper includes adipose tissue, areolar tissue, and reticular tissue. As you have seen from the tissue types discussed above, the main role of connective tissues is to form the structural framework of the body. On rare occasions, a sudden serious injury will cause tendinitis. What is the description of connective tissue fibers? Fibrocartilage is tough because of extra collagen fibers and forms, among other things, the intervertebral discs. This page titled 3.4: Connective Tissue is shared under a CC BY license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Whitney Menefee, Julie Jenks, Chiara Mazzasette, & Kim-Leiloni Nguyen (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative) . The macrophage cells are an essential component of the immune system, which is the bodys defense against potential pathogens and degraded host cells. Watch this animation to learn more about tendonitis, a painful condition caused by swollen or injured tendons. Clusters of mesenchymal cells are scattered throughout adult tissue and supply the cells needed for replacement and repair after a connective tissue injury. When irritated or damaged, mast cells release histamine, an inflammatory mediator, which causes vasodilation and increased blood flow at a site of injury or infection, along with itching, swelling, and redness you recognize as an allergic response. The surface of hyaline cartilage is smooth. Bones are made of a rigid, mineralized matrix containing calcium salts, crystals, and osteocytes lodged in lacunae.
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