5 factors affecting political participation

They make use of new communications technologies to organize protests by forming groups on the Internet. In the USA, the turnout has been declining since 1972, especially in presidential elections. The growth of an interconnected world economy and culture, fueled by lowered trade barriers between nations and advances in communications technology. Turnout in states that have Election Day registration averages ten points higher than in the rest of the country (Wolfinger & Rosenstone, 1980). Have you ever voted in previous national or local elections? As a part of its instrumental functions, the party contacts and registers voters, selects party nominees, organizes campaign activities, mobilizes rallies to influence the electorate during elections to vote and at o her occasions to favour their programmes. More appropriately, determinants of political participation are those factors and forces that can affect or influence peoples participation in politics. Finally, the voting gap in the elections was due to political, social, economic reasons such as ineffectiveness of the national and local councils' performance, inefficiency of candidates of these councils, political alienation, the difficulty to access public services, inequality in distribution of income, absence of political socialization, the feeling of inequality with men in education and employment. Studying gender in US politics: where do we go from here? Introduction. Closing voting rosters weeks or months in advance of elections effectively disenfranchised voters. CBS News Report on the Rodney King Incident. 3 No. Fox, R.L. Up to 70 percent of members of single-issue groups show their support solely by making monetary contributions (Putnam, 2000). (6) of 2016 does not discriminate in voting between males and females (gender), young and old people (age), rich and poor (income), Jordanians and Palestinians who were granted the Jordanian nationality (regional affiliation). So, the Palestinians had the right to vote in Jordanian national and local elections. Direct link to bhuiadna78's post What would happen if both, Posted a month ago. The United States Election Project provides information about voter turnout in presidential campaigns. The more the regional affiliation varies, the more students voting in the elections differs. WebSocioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. 16, pp. They concluded that the social and economic factors such as (gender, age, education, place of residence, family, tribal affiliation, unemployment, income, poverty, economic growth, social relationships, and regional affiliation) affected political participation, especially voting in elections. People also can engage in symbolic participation, routine or habitual acts that show support for the political system. Twitter, a social messaging platform that allows people to provide short updates in real time, has been used to convey eyewitness reports of protests worldwide. Turnout was 55 percent in 2004 and 57 percent in 2008, when 132,618,580 people went to the polls (McDonald). This reduction can be seen in the number of abstaining voters. The study relied on a purposive sample of 900 students, 300 students per university (150 males and 150 females). People also can take part in support activities, more passive forms of political involvement. The protesters demanded many political and economic reforms. Three factors seem to affect political participation among Native Americans a history of violent conflict and deep distrust of federal, state, and local actors Where youth participatory mechanisms fail to have a substantive impact, they may still have important symbolic or signaling features. Political socialization 6. Moreover, they concluded that high income and wealth encourage individuals to political participation and engaging in government. 1-16. This study aimed at identifying the factors affecting the political participation of Jordanian university students, especially their voting in the national and local elections. Voter registration and turnout is influenced by legal and structural factors, voter qualifications, the type of election, and voters enthusiasm about a particular campaign. Our study contributes to e-Participation platforms literature by seeking to understand factors affecting the use of e-participation platforms by the citizen. 8 No. 1 / 19. Participation gives an opportunity to express ones own point of view and secure the greatest good for the greatest number. So, the research problem is concerned with examining the impact of social and economic factors (gender, age, family Income, and regional affiliation) on voting of Jordanian university students in the elections. Voting is the most prominent form of political participation. ATOMIC Hot Links Los Angeles three day shoot CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Riots can result in destruction of property, looting, physical harm, and even death. - University of Minnesota An individuals sense of loyalty to a specific political party. 81-99. Lawless, J.L. Gender and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections, Age and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections, Family income and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections, Regional affiliation and voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections. What factors influence voter turnout in elections? The most important political activities may be those carried out by parties or citizens between elections to influence government decisions about specific problems that concern them. Solt, F. (2008), Economic inequality and democratic political engagement, American Journal of Political Science, Vol. This study is an approach to interpret the factors affecting voting of Jordanian university students, such as gender, age, family income and regional affiliation, which led to different voting in the national and local elections. In contrast, the voting of the female students was (33.8 per cent). Although all these amendments, the political participation of Jordanian university students is still poor. In terms of patient-reported outcomes after OWHTO, several preoperative factors, intraoperative procedures, and postoperative radiological parameters have been posited as candidate influencing factors. In recent decades, political participation amongst Pyeatt, N. and Yanus, B. We saw the three cleavages affecting voter turnout, which were a mix of internal and external factors. Verba, S., Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady, Voice and Equality: Civic Voluntarism in American Politics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995). There are varieties of ways in which people can participate in the political processes of a society. WebThe aim of the study was to establish factors affecting youth participation in political governance in Ndirande Township in Blantyre, Malawi. 3, pp. It is a term applied to various types of activities ranging from political orientations, attitude, knowledge, interest in politics, identification with a political unit (political party or its any wing) to taking active part in political action such as rally, demonstration, strike or campaigning for voting in elections. WebIn particular, the level of criminal violence greatly impacts 1) citizens decision to participate politi- cally, 2) their forms of participation, and 3) the logic of their vote choice. Socioeconomic characteristics of a population, including age, race, gender, religion, marital status, occupation, education level, and more. People take part in support activities on behalf of a cause, which can lead to greater involvement. Political participation includes voting and any other activity that shapes, affects or involves the political field. WebThere are many social factors that affect the political attitude and behavior of the individual in this frame. Turnout in presidential elections in the 1960s was over 60 percent. WebUnit 5 - Political Participation (AP GOV) 2.3 (3 reviews) Term. The Jordanian leadership responded and announced constitutional amendments in 2011. Yet there are many other ways to take part in politics that involve varying amounts of skill, time, and resources. Over 90 percent of Americans agree with the principle that citizens have a duty to vote (Flanigan & Zingale, 1999). Although the political participation base expanded in Jordan, youth remained reluctant to participate in elections. It sets limits on poll expenses. A high-level overview of the processes by which individuals develop political values and beliefs. Modernization not only tends to increase class-based participation but also decrease communal-based participation. In addition to traditional forms of campaign activity, like attending campaign rallies and displaying yard signs, the Internet provided a gateway to involvement for 55 percent of Americans (Owen, 2009). As there are differences in voter turnout ratio according to age groups, the voting ratio in the age group (23 less than 18years old) was low. (2012), The impact of political parties on the 2007 Jordanian parliamentary elections, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 11, pp. The more the gender varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of males students. The research analysis reveals that, lack of political knowledge and adequate education, youth political interest and apathy, economy, socio-centrism attitude and familys pressure, fear, partisan attachment and the incumbent government performances, age and the existing institutional structures of Democracy are the major factors affecting the The nine factors influencing political participation are as follows: 1. Based on the above: Pyeatt and Yanus (2018), Palmer and Simon (2008) indicated that the difference in family income affected political participation. Al-Mohammad, S.M. A large number of elections are held in the United States every year, including local elections, elections for county and statewide offices, primaries, and general elections. The more the regional affiliation varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of Jordanians students. The reason for the low voting ratio of the Palestinians in Jordan was due to the fact that they saw the candidates inefficiency. 213-221. 3, pp. A nineteen-second edit of the tape depicted the most brutal police actions and became one of the most heavily broadcast images in television news history. Nahar, G. and Humaidan, R. (2013), The factors affecting the women political participations in Jordanian parliamentary elections (2003-2013), International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. People can vote for representatives, who make policies that will determine how much they have to pay in taxes and who will benefit from social programs. Men vote more than females (Childs, 2004, p. 422). [1] Following the 2008 election, RTV lobbied the Obama administration to institute fully automated online voter registration nationally. Social environment includes elements like education, occupation, income, age sex, race, caste, ethnicity, mobility and habitation. Table IV shows the results of the analysis of public universities students views on voting in national and local elections according to regional affiliation. WebVCU Scholars Compass | Virginia Commonwealth University Research Childs, S. (2004), A British Gender Gap? Moreover, after the Arab revolutions in late 2010 and early 2011, and Jordanian peaceful demonstrations and protests, the political leadership allowed more constitutional and legal amendments, which strengthened the political participation of all segments of people including Jordanian young people, particularly women (Mohammad, 2017, p. 2). 48-60. Extensive e-mail listservs keep protestors and sympathizers in contact between demonstrations. They represented all segments of society: Al-Al Bayt University, which is located in the northern region of Jordan (14 colleges, 7,434 males and 9,809 females), the Jordanian University, which is located in the central region of Jordan (20 colleges, 12,716 males and 25086 females), the Mu'tah University, which is located in the southern region of Jordan (19 colleges, 7,614 males, Female 7,172). 617-634. With so many elections, people can become overwhelmed, confused, or just plain tired of voting. 2, pp. The ratio of participation for young people is low, because of their different interests in political activities. Leaders frequently are spammed with mass e-mails that are not from their constituents. It has been argued that there is a positive correlation between these two processes and the political participation. It says that blue collared workers are more likely to be affiliated with the Democratic party, and it says that the Southern region is more Republican. This article concludes that people have different voting that publics political participation is decreasing from 2004 to 2014. 1. 4, pp. Political 1, pp. Young voters are less likely to turn out in midterm elections than older citizens. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1980). Gender and Political Participation, The Political Quarterly Publishing, Oxford. Lawless (2004), Atkeson (2003), and Koch (1997) emphasized on the impact of gender on political participation. Brady, H.E., Verba, S. and Schlozman, K.L. Atkeson (2003) indicated that the greater the involvement of women in the public sector, the more barriers of their political participation are broken. (2001), Political participation of the urban poor, Journal of Social Problems, Vol. The scope and the outcome of voting is very broad affecting all the members of a society. 4, pp. Results show that only the intrinsic motivation has a significant impact to the political participation of the SK officials. In addition, Ineffectiveness of the performance of elected local councils with (44.7 per cent) for the age group (18 less than 23). Fifty-four people were killed and two thousand were wounded. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. The Senate alone receives an average of over four million e-mail messages per week and more than two hundred million e-mail messages per year (Congressional Management Foundation, 2008). Trust in the ability of candidates to provide services to people, Ineffectiveness of the performance of elected local councils, Inefficiency of candidates for such councils, Family considerations and kinetic connections. Leigh, B.T. The The Jordanian decision maker realized the shifts in internal and international circumstances. To ensure representation of women in Parliament, a quota of 15 seats was allocated for women in the 2016 Parliament, To promote the empowerment of Jordanian women by granting them more social, economic and political rights, and supporting their political participation (Atiyat, 2017, p. 109). To solve this problem, females have to overcome their psychological beliefs that their equality with men is impossible. Over two hundred websites were established to rally support for protests in Seattle, Washington; Washington, DC; Quebec City, Canada; and other locations. Thus, there was a difference in the ratio of voting of the Jordanian public universities students in the national and local elections according to the regional affiliation. Organizations conducting voter registration drives register as many voters as government voter registration sites. Far more people participate in politics by voting than by any other means. Now lets look at other determinants of what affects voter turnout. What are some of the ways you have participated in politics? Plagiarism Prevention 4. Moreover, they are still reluctant to vote in national and local elections. Also, It was noted that the number of students with family income (500 less than 700 dinars) was the total number of (185) including (171) participated in the voting with (92.4 per cent) in the same category. 46 No. Want to create or adapt books like this? The survey was conducted on the students of the three Jordanian universities (Jordan, Al-Al Bayt, and Mu'tah), to identify the impact of gender, age, family income and regional affiliation on the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections: Table I shows the results of the analysis of the public universities students views on voting in national and local elections according to the gender. Jacobson, G. C., The Politics of Congressional Elections (New York: HarperCollins, 1997). Lawless, J.L. What are the major factors that affect beliefs? University. The Jordanian Constitution included a number of articles that emphasize the equal rights and duties of women (Article 6) and the freedom of women to express their opinions, to engage in civil society, and their freedom to join parties (Article 15, 16, 17). 571-589. Political participation is normally associated with the modern form of democracy. 37, pp. Turnout varies significantly across localities. Although the youth represent the largest number in these countries, their voting in elections is very poor. The law allowed all males and females as of 18years old to vote in elections (Article 3). Every citizen gets one vote that counts equally. (2023), "Factors affecting political participation (Jordanian universities students' voting: field study 2017-2018)", Review of Economics and Political Science, Vol. The voting rate in the category (23 less than 30) was high. This problem gained attention during the 2000 election. Based on the above, the present study examines the impact of (gender, age, family income, and regional affiliation) on the voting of the university student in elections, because of the reluctance of Jordanian university students to vote in elections. Socialization is the mechanism by which people become aware about the issues and ideology and come to identify with a particular political party. The process by which a person develops political values and beliefs, including through interactions with family, friends, school, religious and civic groups, and the media. People who have a strong sense of political efficacy, are Organizing a demonstration, protesting, and even rioting are other forms of participation (Milbrath & Goel, 1977). Solt (2008) and Brady et al. Direct mail and e-mail solicitations make fundraising easier, especially when donors can contribute through candidate and political-party websites. The more the gender varies, the more students voting in the elections differs. (2003), Not all cues are created equal: the conditional impact of female candidates on political engagement, Journal of Politics, Vol. Online strategies have been used to organize demonstrations against the globalization policies of the World Trade Organization and the World Bank. Four white officers were tried in criminal court for the use of excessive force, and they were acquitted of all but one charge. In this respect, educational institutions serve as the basic ground in the development of articulateness and skills of political participation through schools/college/university unions. Psychological or cognitive traits:. Putnam, R. D., Bowling Alone: Americas Declining Social Capital (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000). Pyeatt and Yanus (2018) concluded that these reasons reflected the low and limited participation of women in political issues, political parties, and civil organizations. Significant steps have been taken to make registration easier. Maybe you coach a little league team, visit seniors at a nursing home, or work at a homeless shelter. Today, students demonstrate to draw attention to causes. Motor voters success in increasing the ranks of registered voters differs by state depending on how well the program is publicized and executed. Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE), Young Voters in the 2010 Elections, http://www.civicyouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/2010-Exit-Poll-FS-Nov-17-Update.pdf. It can be concluded that: The more the age varies, the more voting in the elections differs in favor of older students. The 2008 presidential election sparked high levels of public interest and engagement. Campaign activity also produces collective outcomes. Some people may be discouraged from running because the signature requirement seems daunting. What are the ways in which Americans participate in politics? Participation witnessed further expansion, as some studies have pointed out: Street protest, involvement in institutional policies, participating in social movements (Roth and Saunders, 2019, p. 572), and engagement in political debates (Bernstein, 2005, p. 299). 73 No. 5 No. Political participation is the knowledge and behavior involved in political activities (Bernstein, 2005, p. 299). 84-94. The study population contained three Jordanian universities. After reading this section, you should be able to answer the following questions: Americans have many options for taking part in politics, including voting, contacting public officials, campaigning, running for and holding office, protesting, and volunteering. As the participation of female in voting in the electoral list system was high which led to reducing the gender gap between males and females voting in the elections (Beauregard, 2014, p. 617).
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